(5) Party experts engage in intermediation often between Bourdieusian fields.

The refraction approach incorporates articulation theory from the party to their publics, but still maintains the reverse flow from constituents or the public in terms of influencing party experts and politicians–sometimes called reflection theory. The metaphor of lenses or prisms makes one recall their physics courses, but prisms or mirrors reflect light (interests), and refracted devises introduce a large measure of distortion or redirection into the process (expert theory).