At the end of the introductory chapter, Mudge posits a bold claim. By taking party rhetoric as its object of analysis, and utilizing the refraction and field approaches, the book is not debunking competing explanations for the neoliberalization of center-left parties. Rather, it incorporates all of these approaches and moves beyond them. And Mudge delivers. Of course, many new questions arise from the arguments of the book, including how the racial anxieties of third way Democrats influenced globalization and how imperialism shaped Keynesian economists’ analyses of supposedly nationally bounded economies. But few readers will doubt Mudge did what she set out to accomplish.